A huge number of systemic pathologies can lead to a significant reduction in quality of life, complete loss of results and even severe damage.Diseases associated with the musculoskeletal system occur not only in the elderly.Each 2-3 cases is observed in patients of working age.Arthrosis is the most dangerous and poorly corrected.
This degenerative disease is accompanied by the thinning of cartilage in large and small joints, which leads to a decrease in the amplitude of movements and the pronounced pain when trying to fulfill them.It is possible to prevent serious consequences only as a result of the appointment of adequate treatment in the very early stages of the disease.In this article we will find the causes of development, pathogenesis, clinical manifestations, modern methods for the diagnosis and treatment of arthrosis.
The spread of arthrosis
Paying attention to the statistical indicators, it can be found that arthrosis is a very appropriate disease and every year the incidence of its occurrence only increases.According to the World Health Organization, the pathology is observed at seven percent of the planet's population.This puts it first in the detection frequency compared to other disorders of the musculoskeletal system.
Arthrosis is a chronic disease of the joints of the non -traumatic etiology that leads to deformities in the affected areas
Often, cartilage degeneration is observed in young people, more often it can be found in men.Young girls often have interphalaced arthrosis.After reaching fifty years, the frequency of the lesion and the localization of focus become approximately the same for representatives of both sexes and is approximately 60%.
From the data presented, it can be understood that it is extremely important to identify the pathology in the early stages for the most effective drug therapy.Otherwise, the treatment of started arthrosis will be inaccessible to most adult patients related to the financial component.
Causes and risk factors for the development of arthrosis
The frequency of the onset of the presented joint disease has led to the fact that the problem is acute in the medical circles of highly developed countries.Hundreds of millions of dollars are spent on arthrosis studies by leading clinics annually.A gradual study of the problem made it possible to identify the pathogenesis of the process and factors that may increase the likelihood of the disease.
The modern and more full classification of the joint degeneration will be presented below, at this stage it is sufficient to understand that the main and secondary forms are distinguished.
The causes that can lead to the development of a secondary joint disease include the following:
- congenital changes related to the blood supply to the joints;
- cartilage injury, ligamentum or bone growth areas;
- metabolism -related disorders, especially with a mineral connection;
- autoimmune pathologies;
- infections that affect bone tissue;
- Hemophilia.
Primary arthrosis is an independent disease, it can develop as a result of the influence of such provocative factors:
- senile age;
- the presence of excess body weight;
- excessive physical activity;
- Surgical interventions in the joint;
- genetic predisposition;
- insufficient nutritional intake of calcium and other minerals;
- chronic intoxication;
- long and honor stay at low temperatures;
- Frequent injury to the bone joint.
The mechanism of development of arthrosis
The normal bone joint consists of two or more heads of the joint, the ligament apparatus, the cartilage and the synovial fluid.All these structures provide mobility in a particular area of the musculoskeletal system without pain, they also allow the load obtained by walking and jumping, dispersing it without causing damage to the body.
Joint arthrosis belongs to a group of diseases of polyetiological origin.This means that the most often cause of development is the impact of a whole complex of triggies, including professional harm, overweight, elderly people and malnutrition.Pathogenesis is that certain influences lead to a significant deterioration of the blood supply and the flow of lymph from the particular area.
In addition, chondrocytes lose the ability to quickly regenerate and products of a normal amount of intra -articular fluid, which reduces the friction of surfaces during movement.Gradually, the cartilage becomes rough and begins to wash under the influence of pressure during active body movements.
Gradually, the compensatory capabilities of the tissues are exhausted and a layer of chondrocytes are gradually erased.When degeneration reaches the bones, pronounced pain develops and mobility decreases significantly.Without proper treatment, the patient can completely lose the ability of active movements and even maintain independently his needs.
Symptoms of arthrosis
Man does not find what arthrosis is, the disease begins gradually and does not appear in the early stages.Over time, the patient notes the appearance of mild pain without a certain localization, which increases against the background of significant physical activity.Increasing degeneration leads to the fact that the pain occurs with minor movements and acquire a clear place.
The less noticeable symptoms of arthrosis include:
- "Pain" pain in case of time;
- crunching on movement;
- Stiffness in the morning;
- Muscle cramps.
With a deep cartilage lesion, there are signs showing local inflammation, such as swelling, redness of the skin and local fever.If a person does not seek help from a doctor, the symptoms progress and begin to appear not only against the background of exercise, but also at rest.
The thinning of a layer of chondrocytes leads to deformity of the joints and a disorder of the normal functioning of the limb.When he feels the pathological focus, the patient will note the points of the most pain.In addition, the cartilage lip will be significantly thickened along its edge, which will indicate compensatory hypertrophy.
Pain
A large number of bone joint disorders lead to certain difficulties in the differential diagnosis process.However, after evaluating the nature of the pain, one can distinguish arthrosis from arthritis to another etiology.In the described condition, painful sensations appear when you are trying to actively move.Its intensity will gradually increase as it tries to increase the load of the damaged joint.
The described clinical picture corresponds to the first stage of the process.In the second and third stages of progression, the pain occurs even in a state of full rest, you can only stop them by giving a position comfortable for the limb.The difference between arthritis is the constant presence of pain, which does not disappear when the position is changed and also intensifies at night.
Joint
The destruction of the natural structure of cartilage causes active proliferation of chondroblasts, but each polypotial cell in our body has a certain limit of separation.This phenomenon is called a compensatory buffer.This means that after a certain amount of mitotic divisions, the cell dies and can no longer reproduce its own appearance.
After a while, this causes a change in the normal form of the joint precipice, the appearance of the so -called "Christ" or growth in its lumens and indentations.This phenomenon only exacerbates the process, since the spikes formed during the destruction process cause additional harm during movement.
Due to the change in the smoothness of the joint surface, the appearance of tubery and irregularities, the amplitude of the active and passive movements is significantly reduced.It is this symptom that most often causes the patient to seek medical attention.Unfortunately, at this stage the effectiveness of drug treatment becomes too low, only surgical joint correction can adjust the situation.
Functions include:
- a high probability of developing "contracture" or complete disappearance of active and passive movements in the limb;
- The stock is observed throughout the day and not only in the morning, as with arthritis;
- In some cases, the limb should be faded manually to give it a more comfortable position.
Sounds in the joint
Many have heard a characteristic "crunchy" sound when kneading the joints.There is a theory according to which in a healthy person this phenomenon is observed when the pressure in the capsule of the bone joint in the capsule changes, as a result of this the density of the synovial fluid changes dramatically and the gas bubbles that are in it quickly expand and crack, creating a similarity.This phenomenon is not dangerous, but with arthrosis, such sound occurs as a result of other processes.
The crystal of the crystal formed during the destruction of the cartilage of the joint and the joint lip, leading to the formation of cracks and the renewal of the ligamental apparatus.Even an inexperienced person will be able to distinguish the sound in the joint with arthrosis - he is greater and "dry".The severity and volume of the symptom described are directly proportional to the stage of the disease.
The specifics of the sounds in the arthrosis joint are:
- Their presence only in the shocking joint;
- Always accompanied by a deterioration of mobility;
- Eating progresses in the short stages of the disease.
Change the appearance of the joint
In the initial stages of the development of arthrosis, the process does not lead to a change in the shape of the bone joint.A noticeable change can only be observed in neglected disease when one part of the joint is completely wiped and the other still produces cartilage cells.As a result, the pathological area increases significantly and loses its natural form.That symptom is extremely unfavorable because the presence of deformation in the region, for example, knee or hip joint will invariably lead to changes in the area of lower structures due to the displacement of the axis of the applied load.
Types and stages of arthrosis
The modern classification of arthrosis is quite branched because of the huge list of possible location of the pathological focus.
For the convenience of communication between specialists of various medical centers and even countries in the issue of diagnosing and treating this disease, the main ones are distinguished:
- Hand arthrosis;
- cervical;
- ankle;
- knee;
- Polyarthrosis;
- Hip;
- Spine.
When diagnosed, a very important stage is exactly the accurate determination of the stage of the destructive process.The stages of arthrosis are distinguished:
Stage 1 - There are no completely visible changes in the form of the joint, the disorders are observed in the biochemical composition of the intraiortic fluid, a minor pain syndrome appears, supplemented by inflammatory manifestations in the joint.
Stage 2 - The degenerative process is observed in cartilage tissue, "Christ" forms, stiffness and significant pain syndrome during movements are joined.The distribution of the surrounding joint of the muscles develops.
Stage 3 - Determines the presence of extensive foci of cartilage destruction, the shape of the joint changes, the amplitude of the active and passive movements in the limbs is significantly reduced or completely absent.Often, patients develop contractures at this stage, which completely stop movements in the affected area.
Complications
The uncontrolled process of destruction can lead to severe complications, which, in addition to reducing quality of life, can lead to complete inability to take care of themselves.
The most difficult include:
- Complete destruction of the cartilage tissue of the joint;
- contracture;
- the appearance of hernial protrusions in the area of the intervertebral discs;
- Severe patient damage;
- Significant deformation of the limb.
Arthrosis
Unfortunately, many patients, unfortunately, learn what arthrosis is and how to treat it at these stages when a significant effect is no longer possible to achieve a significant effect.It is necessary to be included in the correction of the condition of the musculoskeletal system after the onset of the first symptoms and the lifetime.This is due to the fact that the impact of the factors contributing to the development of the disease is rarely possible to prevent.For example, age -related changes in the blood supply and flow of lymph from the joint require the constant use of vascular drugs.Given pathogenesis, therapy should be complex and complete.For starters, after the onset of unpleasant relocation sensations, see a specialist in the rheumatological profile or traumatologist.A laboratory doctor based on laboratory and instrumental diagnostics will establish an accurate diagnosis and resolve the issue of prescribing adequate treatment.
Medication
In the early stages of arthrosis, you can correct the situation with the help of medicines.Such medicines are used for this purpose:
- adrenal hormones;
- non -steroidal anti -inflammatory drugs;
- Chondroprotective effects.
The complex effect makes it possible to save the patient from pain, align the inflammatory process and restore normal blood supply at the shortest possible time.
The last therapy
Advanced developments in the field of drug treatment have led to the creation of new drugs, which are essentially substitutes for natural synovial fluid.The molecules developed can significantly reduce the process of cartilage degeneration, reduce pain and save the patient from inflammatory phenomena.The artificial synovial fluid is introduced directly into the joint bag every week.The duration of one course of treatment is 3-5 weeks.Usually the result is sufficient for a person's normal life for 6-12 months.Patients claim that comfort and quality of life are significantly improved.Unfortunately, this tactic is only applicable to people with 1-2 stages of arthrosis.
Surgical treatment
With severe damage to large joints, such as the hip joint or knee, at a relatively young age of up to 60 years, patients are offered surgery to complete joint replacement.Today, ceramic and titanium transplants are used, which can completely restore lost functions.These devices are strong enough and are able to provide the patient with up to 20 years of life without any problems with mobility in the replaced joints.
Folk recipes
Non -traditional medicine is widely used in the treatment of arthrosis.This is due to the fact that after stopping an acute process, lifelong therapy is required aimed at restoring and maintaining the natural structure of cartilage.In order to achieve the goals, the products used must be safe and most natural.
Compresses and lotions with a decoction of the following plants are very popular:
- ginger root;
- cinnamon;
- Kalanchoe;
- turmeric;
- Celery.
Diet with arthrosis
In the treatment of the presented pathology, it is extremely important to provide the body with constant intake of nutrients.This can only be achieved if the observance of proteins, fats, carbohydrates, vitamins and trace elements of the diet regarding the content of proteins, fats.To make the most adequate power, you need to seek the help of a nutritionist.From the diet it is necessary to remove fast carbohydrates and alcohol.The base of the table should be fish dishes, red meat and fresh fruits.
It is very important to follow the following nutritional rules for arthrosis:
- balance;
- Eating 5-6 times a day in small portions;
- Do not eat after 19:00;
- Get rid of excess weight.
Prevention
Today, there is no specific prevention of arthrosis due to polyethiological condition.
You can alert the onset of the disease by observing general recommendations:
- proper nutrition;
- moderate physical activity 2-3 times a week;
- normalization of body weight;
- Frequent fractional nutrition;
- Compliance with personal hygiene rules;
- Refusing bad habits.
Conclusion
The presented pathological condition of the musculoskeletal system is often observed in adult patients.It is necessary to increase the incidence of early diagnosis of the disease, since only in this case it is possible to rely on a successful result of conservative treatment.The prognosis for the working capacity to be subject to early identification and compliance with all the doctor's prescriptions is favorable.The presence of arthrosis in the third stage is accompanied by an unfavorable prognosis and can lead to the patient's complete inability to serve himself.
Nevertheless, even the most severe form of the disease is corrected with the help of surgical treatment, the disadvantages of which are:
- trauma of surgery;
- high price;
- long rehabilitation period;
- It cannot be applied to patients over 60 years.